Opp. Back to Wall/Cage

-Basic Cage Pressure *example
-Double Leg Takedown *MMA Surge example
-Ankle Pick
-Single Leg *MMA Surge example

-Leg Hook Takedown *example

Jab-> Jab-> Rear Uppercut

Jab-> Jab-> Rear Uppercut *example

Back foot angled step->overhook/hook

Back foot angled step->overhook/hook *example

Front foot angled back step-> overhook/hook

Full angle back step-> overhook/hook *example *example

Modified Scarf Hold (Bottom)

Frames

Escapes
-Hook opp head with your leg *example
-Arm hold and bridge *example

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=share&v=2g2zR3clEJk&app=desktop

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwTK7bcu4Lc

Side Mount 4: Both Arms Near Side (Bottom)

Escapes
  -Turning away escape *Granby roll to guard example  *to knees example

Side Guard/Side Scissors

Getting to Side Guard
From Closed Guard
-Armdrag *Gordon Ryan example
-

Transitions/Sweeps
-Go to Back  *example *Gordon Ryan example
-Flower Sweep *example  *example



Submissions
  -Armbar *example
  -Belly Down Armbar *example

Weave

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hIqzZxVVRQ

Slip

Slip
A sideways movement used to evade straight punches while staying in range. Push off the floor with the foot opposite the direction you are moving, rotating the upper body and leaning to the side. Use just enough motion to evade the punch. You also have the option of stepping in the direction you are slipping, depending on your objectives.

-Lead Side Slip
-Rear Side Slip

Canelo Alvarez - rear side slip with counter cross

*Fight Smart Trav technique example

*Technique example


Slip Then Pivot
A slip followed by a pivot to move out of the opponents line of fire and create offensive openings.

-Lead Side Slip then pivot to the same side. *example, *Aldo example
-Rear Side Slip then pivot to the same side. *example using bob *example
-Rear Side Slip then pivot to the opposite side.

Body Triangle (defense against)

Escapes
-Granby Roll *example

-Shawn Williams *technique 

Standard Back Position (defense against)

Escapes
-Move to the Side Escape  *example
-Move opp. arm to other side to darce *example

Submission Counters

Counters to submissions from Guard
  1. Triangle Counters
     -Leg to mat counter (against locked in triangle) *example

  2. Arm in Guillotine Escapes
     -Hand to hip counter *example


Counters to Submissions from Back
  1. Rear Naked Choke Counters
     -Standard Escape *Robert Drysdale example

Side Mount 1: Near Side Arm Under Neck, Far Side Arm Under Arm

Escapes
Arm on Side of Opp Neck (Closest to your legs)
*Bridging Into Opp. and Roll Escape (Arm on side of opp neck) *technique example

*Bridge Into Opp. to Guard *Danaher example



*Ghost Escape *technique example

*Push Foot to Half Guard *technique example


*Marcelo Garcia Frame->Guard or Frame->Knees *technique example

Iron Squirrel (Cross face block) Defensive Position

Escapes
-Hip Escape to Guard *example
-Going to Knees * example
-Armpit/Elbow Push Escape (cue-opp moves his arm toward other side of your body)  *Marcelo Garcia example  *example
-Bicep Push Sit-up Escape (cue-opp shifts hips to a scarf type position) example-opp on your right side. He turns hips moving to scarf like position. You move your left hand to his left bicep at the same time placing your right elbow on floor. Make sure your left arm is straight.

Side Mount 3: Near Side At Hip, Far Side Arm Over or Under Opp Arm

Escapes
-Armpit/Elbow Push Escape *Technique example

Cross->Lead Elbow

Unarmed Defense Against Various Knife Attacks

Entries

Defense against thrust to midsection
  1. Shield and Grab to 2 on 1 Baseball Bat Grip *Burton Richardson example
    

Defense against ice pick thrust to neck

  1. Dive entry to arm control *Burton Richardson example

Disarms

2 on 1 Baseball Bat Grip (Knife in Hammer Grip)

 1. Disarm using opp. leg (knife side) *Burton Richardson example

 2. Disarm using opp. leg (other leg when opp. steps back

 3. Disarm using your hand *Burton Richardson example *Sean Sutton example

 4. Disarm using ground *Burton Richardson example **Burton Richardson example

2 on 1 Baseball Bat Grip (Knife in Ice Pick Grip)

 1. Disarm using opp. leg 

 2. Disarm using your hand *Burton Richardson example

Notes:
Example: Knife in opp right hand
When entering you have to commit with forward pressure. Once you have the two on one grip make him carry your weight by shifting down and into opp wrist, with your shoulder pressing into him.


https://www.urbanfitandfearless.com/2016/09/self-defence-against-knife-attacks.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxIyeFBmsOY

Fighting Stance

Basic Guard
-One foot forward (generally strong side back) with feet slightly wider than shoulder width  apart.
-Hips turned in so that the feet end up turned at around a 35 to 45 degree angle.
-The toe of the front foot should be somewhat in-line with the heel of the back foot (though I tend to be slightly wider)
-Heels slightly up, placing weight on the balls of the feet. Back heel is usually slightly higher then front.
-Weight is distributed about 50/50 between the feet.
-Both knees are slightly bent.
-Hands up at about cheek level with elbows pointed down.
-Chin is down, teeth slightly clenched.


Elements of Stance
Width of the Legs

Generally speaking, a wider stance with feet further apart will provide greater stability but less mobility. Conversely, a narrower stance provides greater mobility but sacrifices stability. 

Height of the Stance

Though the height of the stance is partly determined by the width of the legs, here I will be referring to the other elements which affect height: the amount of bend in the knees and waist. A higher, upright stance with less bend in the knees and a straighter back, generally provides greater mobility. Conversely, a lower stance, with more bend in knees and waist, means a lower center of gravity leading to greater stability.

Leading Leg

A left leg forward position is often referred to as an orthodox stance and a right foot forward position a southpaw stance. A position where the legs are side by side is often referred to as a natural or neutral stance. Generally, a right handed fighter will use an orthodox stance and a left handed fighter a southpaw stance. This follows conventional wisdom from combat sports such as boxing and Muay Thai that a fighter should have their strong arm back to enhance their power side. Some martial arts, such as Jeet Kune Do, take the opposite approach and believe that your strong side should be forward. 

Weight Distribution to the Legs

A fighters body weight can be shifted so that it is primarily in the front leg, the rear leg or somewhat evenly distributed between the two. This weight distribution affects the upper body position as it relates to the distance between your feet. A fighter with straight posture and the same amount of bend in the knees will find that when weight is evenly distributed, there upper body is at the midpoint between there feet. When weight is shifted forward, the upper body is closer to the front foot (forward center of gravity). When weight is shifted back, it is closer to the back foot (backward center of gravity). 

Generally speaking, a stance where weight is distributed more to the front leg will give an offensive fighter a slight attack edge as they don't have to take the time to shift their weight forward. This attack advantage becomes a defense disadvantage since the weight forward fighter first has to shift their weight off the front foot when retreating backwards or to check round kicks.

A stance where weight is distributed more to the back leg will give a defensive fighter an advantage as his upper body is further away from his opponent and he does not have to take the time to shift his weight off the front foot. Also, The rear leg weighted fighter is better able to use the front leg in a defensive manner through the use of stop kicks or shin checks. As expected, this defensive advantage becomes an offensive disadvantage since the fighter first has to take the time to shift his weight forward to attack.

Of course, a stance where weight is distributed evenly is a compromise between these two positions.

Body Angle 

In terms of body angle there are two broad categories. The first is the bladed (side) stance, where one foot is more or less in front of the other and you present a side profile to your opponent. The other is the squared (forward) stance where your back foot is to some degree to the side of the front foot and both of your shoulders and hips are facing more towards your opponent. 

Generally, the bladed stance provides more protection to vulnerable areas such as the groin and abdomen since you present a smaller target area. Negatives include more back exposure and greater difficulty utilizing rear arm and leg attacks.  Also, it is harder to defend against takedowns as the front leg is available to your opponent, it's difficult to use the rear arm to defend and it lacks right and left side stability. 

It's important to note that this is a very general summary of body angle. In actuality, body angle is not a single thing but instead refers to the angle of various parts of the body which do not necessarily have to correspond to each other. For instance, one could have a side stance where the right foot is directly behind the left, the feet are pointing towards 3:00 but the torso is turned so that both shoulders are facing the opponent. This of course would be an uncomfortable, un-useful stance but it illustrates that point. That said, minor adjustments to this stance (moving the backfoot a little to the side of the front foot, turning the feet to a 35-60 degree angle, and making the upper torso less square) puts you into a somewhat common boxing stance. As you can see, there is a great deal of variation when it comes to stance.

Foot Contact

Generally speaking, standing flat, with both the ball and heel of the foot on the ground, provides more stability. This increased stability is the result of the greater surface area with the ground that a flat foot provides. Conversely, it is argued that being on the balls of the feet with the heels up provides 

Upper Body & Head Position 

-

Terms:

Orthodox Stance - refers to a left foot forward stance
Southpaw Stance - refers to a right foot forward stance

Bladed (Side) Stance - Stance where one foot is more or less in front of the other and you present a side profile toward your opponent. 

Squared Stance - Stance where your back foot is to some degree to the side of the front foot. Your shoulders and hips facing more towards your opponent. 

Forward Lean -
Backward Lean -


Elements of Stance

-Stability

-Mobility

-Protection

-Unpredictability

-Angle of feet

-Weight distribution to feet

-Width of legs

-Head positioning (center, off center)

Bloody Basics: Striking Stance

https://writingfighting.wordpress.com/2013/10/13/use-your-head-part-1/

https://sweetscienceoffighting.com/fighting-stances/

https://valleyhealthclinic.com/pros-and-cons-of-fighting-stances/

https://evolve-mma.com/blog/mma-stances-an-explainer-and-finding-whats-best/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkEJj8jaL68

https://www.efsupit.ro/images/stories/decembrie2021/Art%20464.pdf

http://boxingaddicts.com/fighting-stances-martial-art-stances-and-what-to-use-in-a-fight/

https://mmaexplained.com/articles/manual-to-mma-stances/

http://www.martialwaynetwork.com/2018/11/01/stances-part-1-the-front-stance/

https://www.amazon.com/Footwork-Wins-Fights-Kickboxing-Martial/dp/1718062575/ref=sr_1_32_sspa?crid=ZBZCGN7LNFN9&keywords=martial+arts+principles&qid=1655477364&sprefix=martial+arts+prin%2Caps%2C251&sr=8-32-spons&psc=1&asin=1718062575&revisionId=&format=4&depth=1

https://towardsdatascience.com/data-science-meets-ufc-does-a-fighters-stance-really-give-them-an-advantage-fdc6141f6e29

https://www.boxingscene.com/forums/boxing-forums/training-nutrition/667700-stance-and-weight-distribution

http://www.kungfumagazine.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-29964.html

https://fanaticwrestling.com/blogs/news/the-importance-of-a-good-wrestling-stance

https://www.bjjee.com/articles/what-elite-wrestlers-know-and-you-dont/

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4224110/Flat-footed-fighters-advantages-combat.html

Posture when in Guard

Upright Posture on Knees (SBG)

Moving to Standing Position with Posture (SBG)

Headbutt

A headbutt is a strike using the harder part of your head against the softer bones of the opponents face. 

Generally you use the top of your head down to the crown (the area where a crown would fit on your head). When using your forehead, the hairline is a good guide. 

The primary risk of using a headbutt is that you may accidentally miss your intended target, smashing your head into the hard part of your opponents head, damaging you as much as your opponent. Even when done correctly you may experience some negative effects. 

Even so the headbutt is a powerful tool. It can generate a tremendous amount of power and when successful, can easily knock out an opponent (as you can see in the clips below). It is an unexpected strike which may catch your opponent completely off guard. 

Not Clinched

   *Mobster headbutts reporter

Clinched

Ground

Other Clinch Positions (Defense)

Side Headlock 
  -Lifting Escape  *technique example 
  -Posture Out Escape (Cue-Opp. Punching) *technique example  *technique example
  -Step to the Front Escape (Cue-Opp. has bent you over)*technique example
  -Twisting Escape (Cue-Opp. forces you to the ground)
  -Sitting Back Escape *example  *Helio example


Standing Guillotine
  -Knee Buckle *technique example  *to Von Flue choke example
  -Sitting Escape *example


Standing Arm-In Guillotine
  -Knee Buckle


Rear Bear Hug (opp arms over yours)
  -Step Behind *technique example


Rear Choke
  -Throw
  -Turn to the Side *Helio example
  -Step Behind Opp. Legs (turning it into a side headlock)


Single Leg Defense
-Push the head *technique example
-Whizzer & free the leg *technique example

Front Bear Hug

-Hands On Opp. Hips *example

Reverse Scarf Hold

Transitions
1. High Position
-To Mount-step over
-To Mount-weave legs (cue-opp leg high trying to block you)*technique example
-To Side Mount

2. Low Position
-to Mount (Spider Mount) *example
-to North/South *example

Submissions
-Darce

General Guard Defense & Recovery

-Basic Shrimp Recovery *Demian Maia technique example
-Head Push
    -Head Push Against Hug Pass *Great Grappling technique example
-Granby Roll Recovery *technique example *Garcia using the technique
-Free Foot To Opp Hip Recovery (cue-opp attempts bullfighter pass) *technique example

Countering Double Under Pass
-Hook feet inside opp legs *example
-Crowbar to Triangle *example
-Elbow/armpit push *example

Modified Scarf Hold (Top)

Transitions
-To Side Mount *technique example *technique example(1) 
-To North/South *technique example(1)
-To Knee on Belly *technique example(1)
(1) When opp. gets elbow to mat and pushes neck with other hand

Submissions
-Straight Arm Lock/Arm Bar Combo *technique example(2)
-Americana 
-Americana Using Legs
-Straight Arm Lock Using Legs

Jab->Double Neck Clinch->Rear Knee

Robert Whitaker beats Clint Hester

Rubber Guard

Position


Submissions
-Omoplata (Full Path) *technique example

-Dead Orchard *example *example

Bob & Duck

Bob - similar to slipping except it also incorporates a ducking motion. Push off the floor with the foot opposite the direction you are moving, rotating the upper body downward and to the side.

-Lead Side Bob
-Rear Side Bob

Duck - Moving under a punch by bending at the knees and squatting straight down. Drop down only enough to evade the oncoming punch Don't hang out in the lowered position.

Trigger Control

Trigger control is the ability to squeeze the trigger of your gun without disrupting your aim. This essentially means being able to press the trigger straight back in a smooth, continuous manner.

The process of proper trigger pressure can be broken down into four basic parts:

1. Trigger Finger Contact: It is generally taught that the middle of the first pad of the index finger should contact the center of the trigger. The size of the firearm in relation to the shooters hand, trigger pull weight and personal preference allows for some deviation. For instance, shooting a double action revolver with a heavy trigger pull may require contact with the trigger closer to the first joint of the index finger.

2. Taking Up The Slack: Semi-automatic pistols have what is referred to as "slack" which is the little initial movement of the trigger which has little or no weight before the actual trigger press which causes the causes the gun to fire. The shooter can feel a distinct difference in the amount pressure needed to pull the trigger back through its slack vs the pressure needed to fire the weapon.

Slack is initially taken up as the gun is brought on the target so that by the time sight picture and alignment is acquired, the slack has already been taken out.

3. Trigger Press: This is where most problems occur. Many people, when they experience the weight of the trigger, jerk or pull the gun out of alignment. To avoid this, it is important to focus on only moving the trigger finger and keeping the rest of the hand gripping the gun still. Apply smooth, constant, even pressure, pulling the trigger straight back.

4. Re-Set: Once the gun fires, the shooter relaxes the trigger finger's pressure allowing the trigger to return forward preparing for the next shot. If no further follow up shots are required, remove the finger from the trigger, placing it outside the trigger guard.

Many trainers teach the trigger reset method where the trigger is released only to the point that another round may be fired. The shooter knows he/she has reached the reset point when they feel or hear a little click. Doing so allows the shooter to avoid having to pull the slack out again thus allowing for a faster follow up shot. The opposing point of view of some trainers is that under stress, shooters will not actually perform the trigger reset no matter how much they try to condition the response.


The 1-2-3-4 Shooting Process and Trigger Control

Gun control, no. Trigger control, yes

The Trigger-Reset Method Controversy

Turtle (Top-North/South)

Submisions
-Anaconda Choke *Marcelo Garcia technique example

Back Clinch

-Heel Trip/Valley Drop (Gracie) Takedown *technique example

-Hip Breakdown *Example